MS Access this first introductory chapter will provide you with a broad overview of MS Access and will introduce you to some general database terminology used throughout the book. This is accomplished by looking at Access databases from an end-user perspective so that you can familiarize yourself with what databases are, what they contain, and in general how they are used. Subsequent chapters focus on the technical details of databases, and by the end of this book, the topics come full circle in an attempt to tie together all of the concepts covered in this book. Each chapter begins with a brief textual overview of the material, followed by a Guided Exercise, which takes you step-by-step through a hands-on database example of the chapter contents. At the conclusion of most chapters, you have the opportunity to complete an Applied Exercise to check your knowledge and application of the material learned. Adhering to the chapter readings and paying attention to the “Guided Exercises” should prepare you to successfully complete the Applied Exercises, which are a true test of the material you have learned.
Have You Ever Used a Database?
MS Access If you are learning MS Access for the first time, you may instinctively answer “no” to the question of whether you have ever used a database. I’m absolutely positive, however, that you have interacted with many databases, whether you realize it or not. To understand this, let’s examine what the term database truly means by listing some basic characteristics of databases.
MS Access is a powerful database management system (DBMS) within the Microsoft Office suite. Its purpose is to help users create, manage, and manipulate databases without needing to write extensive code or SQL commands, making it popular for individuals and small businesses. MS Access combines a graphical user interface (GUI) with a relational database engine, which enables easy data organization, retrieval, and manipulation.
Features of MS Access
Ease of Use : MS Access is designed to be beginner-friendly, offering an intuitive, user-friendly interface that allows users to manage databases without extensive programming knowledge. This feature makes it popular among small business owners, students, and professionals.
Tables, Queries, Forms, and Reports : MS Access structures data in tables, which consist of rows and columns, similar to a spreadsheet. Users can create queries to retrieve specific information, forms to enter data, and reports to display data in a well-organized format.
Macros and VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) : MS Access enables automation through macros and VBA. Macros are pre-set actions to automate repetitive tasks, while VBA allows users to write customized functions and actions. These tools make MS Access a powerful option for those who need more functionality and control over their database processes.
Relational Database Structure : MS Access supports a relational database model, which means data can be stored in multiple tables and linked through relationships. This is helpful in larger databases where information needs to be connected across tables, such as a customer’s contact information linked to their purchase history.
Integration with Microsoft Office : MS Access is part of the Office suite, it integrates seamlessly with programs like Excel, Word, and Outlook. Users can import or export data from these applications, simplifying data sharing and analysis.
Templates and Wizards : MS Access includes pre-built templates and wizards, which offer a starting point for commonly used databases, such as contact lists and inventory tracking. These templates make it easy to set up a functional database quickly, saving users time and effort.
Benefits of Using MS Access
Cost-Effective : MS Access is a cost-effective solution, especially for users already using Microsoft Office. This affordability makes it ideal for small and medium-sized businesses that don’t require an enterprise-level database system.
Rapid Application Development : MS Access, users can quickly design and deploy databases without needing advanced database skills. The built-in features, such as forms, reports, and VBA scripting, allow users to create functional applications rapidly.
Multi-User Support : MS Access allows multiple users to access and modify the database simultaneously. While this support is limited to smaller teams, it is adequate for many small-scale projects, making it suitable for collaborative environments.
Limitations of MS Access
Limited Scalability : MS Access is designed for smaller databases and may struggle to handle large-scale data. It has a file size limit of 2 GB, which makes it unsuitable for businesses or applications requiring extensive data storage.
Performance Issues : MS Access the database grows, MS Access may experience performance degradation. This limitation can affect speed and functionality, especially when dealing with larger datasets.
Platform Restriction : MS Access is available only for Windows, which limits its accessibility for users on other operating systems like macOS or Linux.
Applications of MS Access in Real-World Scenarios
Inventory Tracking : MS Access is widely used for inventory management, enabling users to track product details, vendor information, and stock levels.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) : MS Access Small businesses often use MS Access to track customer data, such as contact information and interaction history, making it an excellent tool for basic CRM.
Educational Data Management : MS Access Schools and educational institutions use MS Access to store student records, exam results, and other important data for easy access and analysis.
Conclusion
MS Access remains a versatile tool for users needing to create, manage, and analyze databases without complex coding knowledge. With its ease of use, affordability, and integration with other Microsoft Office applications, it is a valuable tool for smaller businesses, students, and individual professionals who need a manageable, user-friendly database solution. However, while MS Access is highly useful for many applications, it is not suitable for larger-scale data needs, which require more advanced database systems.
- Databases store all kinds of data.
- Databases are either low-tech (manual) or high-tech (electronic).
- Databases are highly structured and organized.
- Databases are somewhat analogous to multiple spreadsheets that are linked together.
- Databases are designed to allow easy extraction and use of the stored data.
- So, if you have ever used a phone book or a library card catalog, you have indeed used a database. Also,
many online search engines and e-commerce websites rely on databases for their proper functioning, so
you likely have interacted with them. See, you may already be more familiar with databases than you
realize!
Although the concept of a database may still seem foreign and new to you, it is helpful to relate the
material in this book to examples of databases you are familiar with. Doing so will often help you to
demystify and better understand these strange things called databases. - What Will I Find in a Microsoft Access Database?
There are five main things (objects) you will find in an Access database: tables, queries, forms, reports,
and macros. Each of these topics will be covered in greater detail throughout the subsequent chapters.
Take a minute to familiarize yourself with these terms. The Guided Exercise later in this chapter will show
you examples of each of these.
- Tables store the data in the database and are analogous to the foundation of the database. It is
critically important that the tables be designed properly; they provide the foundation for
building the remainder of the database. - Queries enable you to extract data from your database tables and allow us to answer questions
we have about the data. Queries may combine data from multiple tables and manipulate data
output through the use of expressions, formulas, and functions. - Forms are based on tables or queries, and they are used for entering data into the database in a
user-friendly manner. They are also used for displaying data to the end user and can be used to
create a menu system for the database. - Reports use data from a table or query and format the output in a professional-looking manner.
Reports provide you with the ability to summarize, sort, group, and display the data in many
different ways suited to the needs of the end user. Often, the purpose of a report is to provide a
printed output of some data in your database. - Macros are small programs that you build into Microsoft Access; they perform some advanced
operations, making the database more user-friendly and/or functional.
Design and Create Tables to Store Data
Introduction
In the introductory chapter, you had an opportunity to explore and learn about databases from the enduser perspective. In addition, you discovered that Microsoft Access databases are composed of objects
called tables, forms, queries, reports, and macros. If you have not completed the Guided Exercise in
Chapter 1, it is strongly recommended that you do so before continuing in order to familiarize yourself
with the database objects.
This book devotes a chapter to each database object, with this chapter beginning a detailed look at tables.
Here is the description of database tables.
“Tables store the data in the database and are analogous to the foundation of the database. It is
critically important that the tables be designed properly; they provide the foundation for
building the remainder of the database.”
Throughout portions of this chapter, a construction analogy is used to describe databases and tables
because designing and building a database shares similarities with designing and building a house. In
addition to learning about the specific properties and settings for tables, some basic table design
principles to follow will be introduced. You will begin by exploring what databases are used for, which
gives insight into how they should be properly designed and constructed.
What is a Primary Key?
A primary key in a table that uniquely identifies each row and column or set of columns in the table. The primary key is an attribute or a set of attributes that help to uniquely identify the tuples(records) in the relational table. The primary key provides the means to distinguish one tuple from all the others in the relation. It helps the user to identify the location and also the database system to identify, locate, and refer to one particular tuple in the relation.
What is a Foreign Key?
A foreign key is the one that is used to link two tables together via the primary key. It means the columns of one table points to the primary key attribute of the other table. It further means that if any attribute is set as a primary key attribute will work in another table as a foreign key attribute. But one should know that a foreign key has nothing to do with the primary key.
How Do You Properly Build the Foundation?
Now that you have some context to understand how tables are designed and what they are used for, let’s
dive in and explore some technical details and basic terminology you will need to understand.
Tables are composed of fields (vertical columns) and records (horizontal rows), and they are used to store
data in a highly structured and organized format. Each field is assigned a name that explains the type of
data stored in that column. For example, in a table storing retail store locations for a company, you may
find fields for LocationName, Address, City, State, Zip, and Phone. If there are 65 retail store locations
across the United States, then there would be 65 records in the table: one record for each location.
You can examine a table in Microsoft Access either in the Datasheet View or the Design View. As you saw
in the Chapter 1 Guided Exercise, the Datasheet View is used to work with, enter, and delete data. In
addition, you can sort, format, filter, find, and summarize the data in the Datasheet View.
The Design View was not discussed in the Chapter 1 Guided Exercise because most end users of the
database system will not work in the Design View of the table. This view is the “behind-the-scenes” view
where the underlying structure of the table is created. While working in the Design View, you can modify
the fields, their data types, and their properties. It is important to properly set the data type and
properties of each field to help prevent bad data from being entered into your database tables.
Additionally, you can create very powerful Data Macros to further validate record updates or new data
entry. Data Macros can also be used to trigger other events such as creating a separate audit log, sending
email notifications, or updating related data records.
In general, a data type defines the type of the data that are going to be stored in that particular field. The
valid data types in Microsoft Access databases are Short Text, Long Text, Number, Date/Time, Currency,
AutoNumber, Yes/No, OLE Object, Hyperlink, and Attachment. Calculated and Lookup Wizard are two
special data types that are also valid.
- Short Text stores up to 255 characters of text, numbers, and symbols.
- Long Text stores up to 63,999 characters of text, numbers, and symbols.
- Number stores numbers that are used in mathematical calculations. You should not use this
type to store data such as zip codes because zip code data are not used for mathematical
calculations. Instead, use a Short Text data type for zip code fields and any other fields that have
numbers in them but are not used in mathematical calculations (Social Security number, phone
number, student person number, etc.). - Large Number stores and efficiently performs calculations with very large numbers.
- Date/Time stores dates and times.
- Currency stores currency values up to four decimal places.
- AutoNumber automatically assigns a unique number to each record. This assignment can be
done sequentially or randomly. - Yes/No stores any binary representation of data such as Yes or No, True or False, or On or Off. A
field with this data type appears as a checkbox in the Datasheet view. - OLE Object stores or links to an object such as a Microsoft Word document, an image file, or a
Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. It is recommended that you use the new Attachment data type
instead of the OLE Object data type. - Hyperlink stores website addresses, email addresses, and hyperlink data.
- Attachment stores various file formats in the database with the option of editing files within the
database. - Calculated is a special data type in Microsoft Access. It is used to display results of calculations
or expressions based on other fields in the table. The results of a calculated field are read-only. - Lookup Wizard is technically not a data type, but it does appear in the data type list because it
easily enables you to create a drop-down list (combo box) of values that the user can select
from in the table. This list of values can be typed in manually or dynamically based on another
table in the database. This feature makes data entry easier for the end user and can help
eliminate bad data from being entered into the database.
Depending on the data type, each field also has specific properties that can be set. Although the following
list of properties is not exhaustive, remember that you can always click F1 to get help about a specific
property you encounter using Microsoft Access. Included here are some of the common properties used
for a Short Text field. - Field Size sets the maximum number of characters that can be entered for this field. For Short
Text data types, the maximum value is 255 characters. Generally, this should be set as small as
possible but large enough to accommodate potentially large entries of data.
Design and Create Tables to Store Data 11 - Format adjusts how the data are displayed as output. For Date/Time data types, this will adjust
the date and time format used. For Number data types, this provides the option to select from
Fixed, Standard, Percent, Scientific, or General Number formats. Different settings are also
available for Short Text, Currency, and Yes/No data types. - Input Mask creates a predefined structure into which the data for this field must be entered.
Phone number and Social Security number fields commonly use Input Masks because the data
follow a set structure every time. - Caption provides an alternative field name to be displayed on all database objects that
reference this field. For example, in a field named SSN, you may enter Social Security number as
the Caption. Captions are used to display more descriptive field names to the end user. - Default Value Automatically adds this set value for property to each new record in the table.
This can be useful for reducing data entry when a large percentage of records use the same field
data. - Validation Rule is a property that works in conjunction with the Validation Text described next.
The Validation Rule property enables you to set specific data entry rules that must be strictly
followed. For example, you can force the users to enter data in a prespecified list or range of
data. - Validation Text is the text displayed in the error or warning message that appears when data
entered into the database violate the corresponding Validation Rule. - Required, when selected, forces the end user to enter data into this field before continuing to
another record. Make sure this is enforced only when you need this field data 100% of the time.
If there are situations when the data may not be available or do not exist, it is advised not to
enforce this property.
One final, but very important, option to set in the Design View of a table is the primary key. A primary key
is a field or combination of fields that uniquely identifies a record in a table. Every table in a database
must have a primary key established.
To understand primary keys, consider an example of a database table containing a list of vehicles
registered for on-campus parking at a university. The fields in the table are VIN, Make, Model, Color,
LicensePlate, LicenseState, RegistrationDate, and VehicleType, and each record in the table is a separate
vehicle. Given this example, the following are three ways you can set a primary key in the table.
- Use an existing field that uniquely identifies each record in the table.
Example: Use Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). - Create a new field to act as the primary key and assign it the Auto Number data type.
Example: Add a field named Vehicle ID and set the data type to Auto Number. - Combine multiple fields to create a concatenated primary key.
Example: Use both LicensePlate and LicenseState as a concatenated key.
At least one of these three approaches can always be used for establishing a primary key in any table you
encounter. The easiest method is to add a new field to the table and set it to the AutoNumber data type.
This guarantees a primary key field every time.
Lesson Plan
LESSON 01 (SOLVE PART)
1) Create the following Database in YOURFIRSTNAMECOURSE(Syntax:YOURNAMEDITAS2) & Table with your First Name and insert the following data in the table : –
Answer: Double Click on Computer Folder → Create a Folder on Local Disk(D) → Type your First Name DITAS2 → Enter → Back your Desktop → Click on Start Button → Select on Microsoft Office Access → Click on Blank Database → Browse for Data location(yellow color folder) → Select Local Disk(D) → Double Click on your folder → Type file Name → OK → Create → Right Click on Table 1 → Design View → Table Name: Lesson 1 → OK → Type your Lesson.
2) Now Apply the Validation Rule in the Basic field where BASIC must be between 2000 and 7000. A Message will be shown
in case any value is entered outside the above range.
Answer: Right Click on Lesson 1 → Design View → Place Cursor on Basic Field → Field Properties → Validation Rule: >=2000 and <=7000 → Validation Text: Please Entry Basic No Between 2000 to 7000.
3) Arrange records in ascending order of Name.
Answer: Open Table Lesson 1 → Select drop down list of Name Column → Sort a to z → CTRL+S → CTRL+W
4) Insert any picture in RAJAT record.
Answer: Right Click on Rajat Picture cell → Insert Object → Create from file → Browse → Select your Image Drive Where Store Picture→Select any Picture → OK → OK → Automatic show Package in cell → Double Click on Package Then and There Show Picture.
5) Now Insert a New field in the above Table Named Remark of Data Type Memo and type the following Text against the First record:-“This is the First Record”
Answer: Right Click on Table Lesson 1 → Design View →Write new field name Remark → Data Type: Memo → CTRL+S → CTRL+W →Open Table Lesson 1 → Click on Rajat Remark cell and type for “This is the First Record”.
LESSON 02 (SOLVE PART)
1) Create the following Table with your Last Name and insert the following data in the table:-
Answer: Click on Start Button → Select on Microsoft Office Access → Click on Blank Database → Browse for Data location(yellow color folder) → Select Local Disk(D) → Double Click on your folder → Type file Name → OK → Create → Right Click on Table 1 → Design View → Table Name: Lesson 2 → OK → Type your Lesson.
2. a) To Display only the name of employees.
Answer: Create → Query Design → Select table lesson 2 → Add → Close → Double click on name field → Design → Run → Close query → Type query name 2A
b) To Display All records of the employees designation is MGR.
Answer: Create → Query Design → Select table lesson 2 → Add → Close click on any field name → Ctrl +A → Drag and Drop on the field area →DESIG → Criteria: MGR → Design → Run → Close query → Yes → Type query name 2B
c) To Display Only name of those persons who are working in ACCTS Department.
Answer: Create → Query Design → Select table lesson 2 → Add → Close → Double click on name, DEPT field → Dept → Criteria: ACCTS→ Design → Run → Close query → yes → Type query name 2C
d) To Display only those records whose BASIC is more than 5000
Answer: Create → Query Design → Select table lesson 2 → Add → Close → Click any field → Ctrl + A → Drag and drop on the field area → BASIC→ Criteria: >5000 → Design → Run → Close query name 2D
e) To Display Only NAME and DEPT of those persons whose BASIC is between 2000 and 3000.
Answer: Create → Query Design → Select table lesson 2 → Add → Close → Double click on NAME , DEPT, BASIC → BASIC → Criteria: >=2000 AND <=3000 →Design → Run → Close query name 2E
f) To Display Only NAME and MKTG and PERS Department.
Answer: Create → Query Design → Select table lesson 2 → Add → Close →Double click on NAME , DEPT → DEPT → Criteria: MKTG OR PERS → Design → Run → Close query name 2F
g) To Display only those records whose Department is MKTG and Designation is MGR
Answer: Create→ Query Design → Select table lesson 2 → Add → Close →Click any field → Ctrl + A → Drag and Drop on the field area → DEPT → Criteria: MKTG → DESIG → Criteria: MGR → Design → Run → Close query → Yes → Type query name 2G
h) To Display only those records of Employees whose name starts with “s”.
Answer: Create → Query Design → Select table Lesson 2 → Add → Close → Click any field → Ctrl + A → Drag and Drop on the field area → NAME → Criteria: LIKE S* → Design → Run → Close query → Yes → Type query name 2H
i) To Display All records whose EMP NO is 3 and 7.
Answer: Create → Query Design → Select table lesson 2 → Add → Close → Click any field → Ctrl + A → Drag and Drop on the field area → ENO → Criteria: 3 OR 7 → Design → Run → Close query → Yes → Type query name 2I
j) To Display Records of all employees other than PERS Department earning BASIC below Rs. 5000/-
Answer: Create → Query Design → Select table lesson2 → Add → Close → Click any field → Ctrl + A → Drag and Drop on the field area → DEPT → Criteria: <>PERS → BASIC → Criteria: <5000 →Design → Run → Close query → Yes → Type query name 2J
LESSON 03 (SOLVE PART)
1) Create the following Table in your own School Name:-
Answer: Click on Start Button → Select on Microsoft Office Access → Click on Blank Database → Browse for Data location(yellow color folder) → Select Local Disk(D) → Double Click on your folder → Type file Name → OK → Create → Right Click on Table 1 → Design View → Table Name: Lesson 3 → OK → Type your Lesson.
2) Calculate the Total using following formula:- Total = PHY + CHEM + MATH
Answer: Create → Query Design → Select table lesson 3 → Add → Close → Design → Update → Field : Total → Update to : [PHY]+[CHEM]+[MATH] → Design → Run → yes → close query → yes → query name : total → OK → Open Table Lesson 3
3) Calculate the AVG using the following : AVG = TOTAL/3
Answer: Create → Query Design → Select any table lesson 3 → Add → Close → Design → Update → Field : AVG → Update to : [total]/3 → Design → Run → yes → Close Query → yes → Query Name : AVG → OK → Open Table Lesson 3
4) AVG will be Formatted in 2 decimal places.
Answer: Right Click on Table Lesson 3 → Design View → Click on AVG Field → Field properties → Field Size : Single → Format : Fixed → Decimal Place : 2 → CTRL+S → CTRL+W → Open Table Lesson 3
5) Insert another field in the above Table which is as follows
Answer: Right Click on Table Lesson 3 → Design View → Type New Field Name : GRADE → Data Type : Text → Size : 10 → CTRL+S → CTRL+W
6) GRADE will be display according to the following Table
Answer: Create → Query Design → Select Table Lesson 3 → Add → Close → Design → Update → Field : GRADE → Update to : IIF([AVG]>100, “Invalid”, IIF([AVG]>=90,”EXCELLENT”,IIF([AVG]>=70,”GOOD”,IIF([AVG]>=50,”FAIR”,IIF([AVG]<=50,”FAIL”)))) → Design → Run → yes → Close Query → yes → Query Name : GRADE → Ok → Open Table Lesson 3
7) To display only those records whose GRADE is EXCELLENT.
Answer: Create → Query Design → Select Table Lesson 3 → Add → Close → Click on any Field Name → CTRL+A → Dark and Drew on the field area → Type EXCELLENT on Criteria Row of the GRADE Field → Design → Run → Close Query → yes → Query Name: EXCELLENT → OK
8) To display the Student’s name having ‘H’ as the Third character .
Answer: Create → Query Design → Select Table Lesson 3 → Add → Close → Click on any Field Name → CTRL+A → Drag and Drop on the Field Area → Type like “??H*” on the Criteria Row of the Name Field → Design → Run → Close Query → yes → Query Name : third character H → Ok.
9) Delete the Record from the above table of those student whose GRADE is FAIR.
Answer: Create → Query Design → Select Table Lesson 3 → Add → Close → Click on any Field Name → CTRL+A → Drag and Drop on the Field Area → Design → Delete → Grade → Criteria: “fair” → Design → Run → yes → Close Query → yes → Query Name : Delete fair Records → Open Table Lesson 3.
LESSON 04 (SOLVE PART)
1) Create the following Table named SWASTICK1 with the following structure details (SLNO as a Primary key):-
Answer: Click on Start Button → Select on Microsoft Office Access → Click on Blank Database → Browse for Data location(yellow color folder) → Select Local Disk(D) → Double Click on your folder → Type file Name → OK → Create → Right Click on Table 1 → Design View → Table Name: SWASTICK1 → OK → Type your Lesson.
2) Create another Table named SWASTICK2 with the following structure details (SLNO as a Foreign Key):-
Answer: Create → Table → Right Click on Table 1 → Design View → Table Name: SWASTICK2 → OK → Type your Lesson.
3) Established Relationship between Swastick 1 and Swastick 2 on basis on Primary Key and its corresponding Foreign Key Respectively.
Answer: Database tools → relationship → table swastick 1 → add → Swastick 2 add → close → drag on drop slno from Swastick 2 to on the Swastick 1 table at slno field → select slno from Swastik 1 and Swastik 2 table → select 3 option from relations table → create → ok→ close relationship → yes → open table one → table entry → click on Plus sign and entry Swastick 2 record from table 2 entry → Ctrl+S → Ctrl+W.
4) Add the data of PRODUCT, QUANTITY, and VENDOR fields from Swastick 2 to Swastick 1using append query.
Answer: Create → query design → select table Swastik 2 → add → close → field product, quantity, vendor → design → append → append to: table name → current database → ok → design →run → yes → close query → query name: Append 3 field → ok → Open table Swastik 1 → Ctrl+S → Ctrl+W.
5) Now, add data of slno of product field only from Swastick 1 and Swastick 2, Whose rate is greater then 15000 using Append Query.
Answer: Create → query design → select Swastik 1 → add → select Swastik 2 → add → close → filled: slno, product, rate → rate → criteria: >15000 → design → append → append to → table name: Swastik 2 → current database → ok → close query → query name: Swastik 2 query → okay → double click on Swastik 2 query → yes → yes → open table Swastik 2 → Ctrl+S → Ctrl+W.
LESSON 05 (SOLVE PART)
1) Create the following Table in your First Name:-
Answer: Click on Start Button → Select on Microsoft Office Access → Click on Blank Database → Browse for Data location(yellow color folder) → Select Local Disk(D) → Double Click on your folder → Type file Name → OK → Create → Right Click on Table 1 → Design View → Table Name: Lesson 5 → OK → Type your Lesson.
2) Create a Formatted Report with the help of following specification:-
Answer: Create → Report → format → auto format → select any style → Ctrl+S → report name: employee details → Ok → Ctrl+W
- Double click on report → double click on report heading → type : employee details i)Double click on column heading :DEPT → TYPE: DEPARTMENT ii)Double click on column heading : JDT → TYPE: JOINING DATE iii)Double click on column heading: NAME → TYPE: EMPLOYEE NAME
- At the bottom of the report page no. And date will be displayed according to your desired format.
Click on date → press shift → click on time → select date and time → drag and drop in footer area
c) Arrange the report file in ascending order of the name.
Answer: Click on add a group → select name → click on add a sort → select name → Ctrl+S → Ctrl+W
3) Create a Form for the above table.
Answer: Select lesson 5 → Create → split form → Ctrl+S → form name: employee details → Ok → Ctrl+W
4) Now modify the above form and the following action buttons in the form:
Answer: A. Right click on employee details form → design view → design → button → draw button in footer area → Categories: record operation → Action: add new record → next → text → next → finish
B. Design→button → draw button in footer area→Categories: record operation → Action: save record→next→text→next→finish
C. Design→button → draw button in footer area→Categories: record navigation → Action: find record→next→text→next→finish
D. Design→button → draw button in footer area→Categories: record operation→ Action: delete record→next→text→next→finish
E. Design→button → draw button in footer area→Categories: record navigation→ Action: next record→next→text→next→finish
F. Design→button → draw button in footer area→Categories: record navigation→ Action: previous record→next→text→next→finish
G. Design→button → draw button in footer area→Categories: form operation→ Action: open form→next→ next → next → text→next→finish
H. Design→button → draw button in footer area→Categories: form operation→ Action: print a form→next→text→next→finish
I. Design→button → draw button in footer area→Categories: application → Action: quit application→next→text→next→finish
J. Design→button → draw button in footer area→Categories: miscellaneous→ Action: print a table→next→text→next→finish
